Disc Prolapse

Disc prolapse, also known as a herniated disc, slipped disc, or ruptured disc, occurs when the soft inner gel-like core (nucleus pulposus) of a spinal disc pushes through a tear in the outer layer (annulus fibrosus). This can put pressure on nearby nerves, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness in the affected area. It commonly occurs in the lower back (lumbar spine) or neck (cervical spine) and is often caused by aging, injury, or repetitive strain.

Symptoms

  • Back pain that worsens with movement.
  • Nerve pain radiating to the legs (sciatica) or arms.
  • Numbness and tingling in the affected area.
  • Muscle weakness that affects grip strength or leg movement.
  • Difficulty standing or walking due to pain or weakness.
  • Loss of bladder or bowel control in severe cases (medical emergency).

Treatment

  1. Pain Management: Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications.
  2. Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen core and back muscles, improve posture, and relieve pressure on nerves.
  3. Rest & Activity Modification: Avoiding heavy lifting and prolonged sitting, while staying active with light activities.
  4. Heat & Cold Therapy: Applying ice packs to reduce inflammation and heat pads to relax muscles.
  5. Epidural Steroid Injections: To reduce pain and inflammation around the affected nerve.
  6. Medications: Muscle relaxants and nerve pain medications for symptom relief.
  7. Surgery (in severe cases): Procedures like discectomy, laminectomy, or spinal fusion may be required if symptoms do not improve with conservative treatments.

Most people recover within a few weeks to months with proper rest, physical therapy, and medication. If symptoms persist or worsen, medical intervention may be necessary. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent further complications. If you experience severe pain, numbness, or difficulty moving, consult a specialist immediately.

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